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Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioSciences

 
Review Article
Year : 2021  |  Volume : 9  |  Issue : 4  |  Page : 49-71

Role of superdisintegrants in immediate release tablets: A review

Shashikant N. Sharma, Ravindra S. Sonawane
Immediate release oral dosage forms, i.e., tablets and capsules, are most widely used drug delivery systems available because of its convenience of self-administration, compactness, and easy manufacturing. These products are designed to disintegrate in the stomach followed by their dissolution in the fluids of the gastrointestinal tract. Immediate drug release dosage forms disintegrate rapidly after administration with enhanced rate of dissolution. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances the drug dissolution rate. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1-10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The basic approach used in development tablets is the use of superdisintegrants such as cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone or crospovidone (polyplasdone), sodium starch glycolate (primogel, explotab), and carboxymethylcellulose (croscarmellose). These superdisintegrants provide instantaneous disintegration of tablet after administration in the stomach. The present review comprises the various kinds of superdisintegrants such as natural and synthetic which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient’s compliance. The various sources of superdisintegrants and their modification to improve disintegration property are also highlighted.
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