A simple, precise and economical UV - spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Dronedarone in pharmaceutical dosage form. Method applied was area under curve (AUC) in which area was integrated in the wavelength range of 270.40 nm – 300.0 nm. Calibration curves were plotted for the method by using instrumental response at selected wavelengths and concentrations of analyte in the solution. Linearity for the detector response was observed in the concentration range of 4-24 µg/ml for the method. Tablet formulation was analyzed and the percentage of drug determined in the assays was 98.00% – 102.00%. Accuracy and precision studies were carried out and results were satisfactory. The results of the analysis were validated statistically. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined for the method. The method was validated by following the analytical performance parameters suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. The developed method was successfully applied to estimate the amount of Dronedarone in pharmaceutical formulation.

A simple, accurate and economical UV-Spectrophotometric method has been developed for routine analysis of Finasteride Hydrochloride in tablet. Finasteride showed maximum absorbance at 287.0 nm in saline phosphate buffer (PBS) pH 7.4. In this method, Finasteride obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 2-20 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection and Limit of Quantification for finasteride was found to be 0.82µg/ml and 2.76µg/ml respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be 99.3% and showed good repeatability with relative standard deviation less than 2. Methods were validated statistically using the principle of least squares by the equation Y = 0.080 X – 0.007.

A simple, selective, precise and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method of analysis of metformin hydrochloride both as a bulk drug and in formulation was developed and validated. The method employed HPTLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of water: methanol: tri-ethylamine (1:3.5:0.2 v/v). The system was found to give compact spot for metformin hydrochloride (RF value of 0.48±0.02). Densitometric analysis of metformin hydrochloride was carried out in the absorbance mode at 247 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.9965 ± 0.0013 with respect to peak area in the concentration range 100–600 ng per spot. The mean value ± S.D. of slope and intercept were 9.047 ± 0.11 and 553.0 ± 39.06 with respect to peak area. The method was validated for precision, recovery and robustness. The limits of detection and quantitation were 9.40 and 28.51 ng per spot, respectively. Metformin hydrochloride was subjected to hydrolysis (in acid, alkali, and neutral solutions), oxidation and photo- degradation. The drug undergoes degradation under acid, alkali, neutral, H2O2, and photolytic conditions. This indicates that the drug is susceptible to hydrolysis, oxidation and photo degradation. Statistical analysis proves that the method is selective, precise and accurate for the estimation of said drug. The proposed developed HPTLC method can be applied for identification and quantitative determination of metformin hydrochloride in bulk drug and dosage forms.

Hairy Root Culture is the new route for large scale secondary metabolite production because of their fast and plagiotropic growth, genetic and biochemical stability. In this report Solanum xanthocarpum was used to induce the hairy root cultures, for getting the benefits of the medicinal properties residing in the roots of the medicinally important plant. About 65.38% survivability was obtained for S. xanthocarpum axillary buds when cultured on MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.25mg/l), FAP (0.5mg/l) and 1% activated charcoal for explants preparation. As, a result of an effective infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying Ri plasmid with rolC gene, hairy root cultures were established, which were grown in culture media without hormones. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes MTCC532, strain used in the present study was capable of inducing hairy roots formation by simple stabbing method with high transformation frequency (75%) after 12 days of infection. Copious growth of Hairy Roots was observed in ½ MS liquid medium without hormones with growth index of 45 with doubling time of 7 days demonstrated a simple and effective method of establishment of hairy root cultures. PCR analysis showed amplification of the rolC gene in Hairy Roots, indicated the transformation event. Further, this study allows future scale-up of hairy roots in bioreactors for large scale production of secondary metabolites and increasing use of this as model system in metabolic engineering,

The prevalence of breast cancer augments together with the technical global development and modernization. Breast carcinoma is one of the leading causes of death in women. A literature search was conducted in July-October 2012 to explore the published articles regarding awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) in Asian settings. This review included studies which measured knowledge regarding breast cancer and studies on attitude, practice and barriers to breast self-examination by using qualitative (one-to-one interview, concept mapping) or quantitative methods (cross-sectional survey) or both. The search was initiated through several keywords: breast cancer, breast cancer awareness, statistics of breast cancer, breast self-examination, etc. Other included electronic databases were Science Direct, Sage, Life Science, Springer Link, BioMed Central, Proquest and EBSCOhost. The search was limited to full paper articles published in English between 2000- 2012 and only seventeen full text articles were included in review. The studies included in review are from Hong Kong, Australia, UK, Iran, Qatar, Nigeria, and Malaysia. This review highlights the awareness of breast cancer by means of BSE and attitude towards BSE. Proactive educational measures by healthcare professionals and mass media campaigns are therefore suggested to enhance BSE screening and breast cancer awareness among women.

Epilepsy is a disorder of central nervous system characterized by spontaneous seizures. The seizures result from neuronal hyperexcitability and hypersynchronus neuronal firing. Inspite of number of drugs available for the treatment of epilepsy approximately 30% patients continue to have seizure episodes and the rest suffer from drug related side effects. This underlines the need for development of safer and effective antiepileptic drugs. Voltage gated ion channel (VGIC) governs the excitability of neurons and perform various function ranging from initiation of action potential, synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter release, termination of action potential to stabilization of neuronal membrane around resting potential. Channelopathies of these ion channels is known to be associated with epileptic seizures. Various drugs either available in the market or in the experimental use have been known to act on these VGICs. This review focuses on the physiological role and selective targeting of these ion channels (sodium, potassium, calcium and Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels) for design and development of potent and safer efficacious antiepileptic drugs